Clinically Studied. Scientifically Proven.

NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) has been tested in multiple human trials for its role in supporting healthy NAD+ metabolism, energy, and cellular function.

See Key Studies

Quick Snapshot

NAD+ increases observed in multiple RCTs

Safe & well tolerated in human trials

Enhances NAD+ for vitality and longevity

Why NMN Research Matters

Clinical trials help separate promising biology from practical, measurable effects in people. The trials listed below examine how NMN affects NAD+ metabolism, energy markers, physical performance and safety in human participants.

Evidence Based

We summaries peer-reviewed human trials rather than animal models or theoretical claims.

Safety First

We summaries peer-reviewed human trials rather than animal models or theoretical claims.

Summary of Human NMN Trials

Below are selected peer-reviewed human trials that measured NAD+ outcomes, physical performance or safety signals.

2025
  • Oral nicotinamide mononucleotide maintains NAD+ and enhances muscle metabolism in older adults.
    Main Article https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/17/1/77 Link to Study https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39827377/

    Study Highlights

    Date: February 2025
    Participants: Healthy men (n=15, aged >40)
    Type: Randomized, placebo-controlled trial
    Duration: 4 weeks
    Dosage: 350 mg/day
    • NMN administration increased NAD+ concentrations compared to placebo.
    • NAD+ remained elevated for 4 weeks after discontinuation.
    • No adverse effects were reported.
    • Confirms sustained NAD+ upregulation from NMN supplementation.
2024
  • Nicotinamide mononucleotide enhances mitochondrial biogenesis in healthy adults.
    Main Article https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/3/432 Link to Study https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38233122/

    Study Highlights

    Date: February 2025
    Participants: Healthy men and women (n=40)
    Type: Randomized, placebo-controlled
    Duration: 8 weeks
    Dosage: 350 mg/day
    • NMN enhanced markers of mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1α expression).
    • NAD+ and ATP levels increased significantly.
    • No adverse reactions reported.
    • Suggests NMN supports cellular energy production.
  • Nicotinamide mononucleotide improves vascular endothelial function in middle-aged adults (Chen Y. et al., Nutrients, 2024)
    Main Article https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/5/555 Link to Study https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38490221/

    Study Highlights

    Date: 2024
    Participants: Middle-aged adults (n=50)
    Type: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled
    Duration: 12 weeks
    Dosage: 300 mg/day
    • NMN significantly improved flow-mediated dilation (FMD).
    • Plasma NAD+ increased by 38%.
    • No major side effects detected.
    • Demonstrates NMN’s potential for vascular health.
  • Oral nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation improves lipid metabolism and reduces inflammation.
    Main Article https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/6/654 Link to Study https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38564322/

    Study Highlights

    Date: 2024
    Participants: Overweight adults (n=52)
    Type: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled
    Duration: 10 weeks
    Dosage: 300 mg/day
    • NMN lowered triglyceride and LDL cholesterol levels.
    • Inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6) reduced significantly.
    • NAD+ levels rose after 6 weeks.
    • No safety issues were observed.
  • NMN improved quality of life, physical performance, and biological age in healthy adults
    Main Article https://renuebyscience.com/blogs/scientific-evidence-library/nmn-improved-quality-of-life-physical-performance-and-biological-age-in-healthy-adults Link to Study https://www.afjbs.com/uploads/paper/eda0c996eebf8292500a28881079e91b.pdf#page=5.78

    Study Highlights

    *While this study has been published, the data analysis and methods raise concerns regarding reliability. Further analysis or additional validation may be necessary to fully assess the findings. Included/reviewed for documentation purposes.*

    Date: September 2024

    Participants: Healthy volunteers (n=80, aged 35-65)

    Type:Randomized, placebo-controlled trial

    Duration: 60 days

    Dosage: 250 mg, 550 mg, and 850 mg
    • “All subjects took the NMN or placebo as directed during the intervention period, and not a single person reported a side effect.”
    • “After supplementing for 30 days, the subjects treated with NMN showed a substantial rise in NAD level (NADΔ30) relative to the cohort receiving the placebo.“
    • “NMN enhances quality of life, enhances physical performance, and slows down
aging by increasing NAD. The effects become more pronounced at greater dosages, but there is a potential it will not address insulin resistance, which necessitates further study.”
    • “All groups, including the placebo group, had increases in the HOMAR-IR index, a marker of insulin resistance, irrespective the beneficial gains in NAD levels… The rise in HOMAR-IR points to a possible effect on insulin resistance that needs more research.”
    • “All NMN-treated groups outperformed the placebo group on day 60 in terms of SF-36 scores, suggesting that NMN supplementation improves the quality of life connected to health.”
    • “There is a decrease in the blood biological age among the groups that received NMN treatment. The maximum reduction was observed at 850 mg, indicating that NMN may result in slowing or reversing the aging process.”“As the concentration of the NMN supplement increased there was a considerable reduction in the aging process.”
    • “Walking distances were considerably greater for individuals in the 250 mg, 550 mg, and 850 mg NMN-treated cohort after 30 and 60 days as compared with baseline.”
    • “This study suggests that NMN helps in improving physical performance, and quality of life and slowing the aging process by increasing NAD, with effects becoming more noticeable at higher dosages.”
  • NMN improved sleep and walking speed in older adults
    Main Article NMN improved sleep and walking speed in older adults   Link to Study Ingestion of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide increased blood NAD levels, maintained walking speed, and improved sleep quality in older adults in a double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled study 

    Study Highlights

    Date: May 2024
    Participants: Healthy older adults (65-75 years)
    Type: Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group comparison study
    Duration: 12 weeks (follow up duration); 8 weeks (NMN supplementation)
    Dosage: 250 mg/day
    • “At secondary outcomes, after 12 weeks of NMN intake, the NMN group had a significantly shorter 4-m walking time than the placebo group as well as significantly higher blood levels of NAD + and its metabolites.”
    • “The NMN group had improved sleep quality at 12 weeks relative to the placebo group as evidenced by lower scores for “Daytime dysfunction” and “Global PSQI” on the Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire.”
    • “There were large individual differences in the changes in NAD metabolites after the NMN intake. This is thought to be due to differences in teh body pool of NAD+ and metabolic rate of niacin.”
    • “A significant negative correlation was observed between the change in the 4-m walking time and the change in blood NAD + , N1-methyl-2-pridone-5-carboxamide (2-PY), and N1-methyl-4-pridone-3-carboxamide (4-PY) at 12 weeks.”
    • “These results indicate that the higher the NAD+ level in the blood, the faster the walking speed is maintained in older adults.”
    • “No adverse effects related to test substance consumption were observed.”
    • “Together, these results indicate that NMN intake could increase blood NAD + levels, maintain walking speed, and improve sleep quality in older adults.”
    • “This is an important report that support previous findings and provides confidence that long term intake of NMN has a beneficial effect on walking speed in older adults.”
  • NMN safely enhanced PBMC NAD+levels in middle-aged men over two months
    Main Article NMN safely enhanced PBMC NAD+ levels in middle-aged men over two months  Link to Study Safety and efficacy of long-term nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation on metabolism, sleep, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis in healthy, middle-aged Japanese men

    Study Highlights

    Date: January 2024
    Participants: Healthy, middle-aged men (40-60 years), Japanese men (n = 14) received a placebo for the initial 4 weeks, followed by NMN supplementation for the subsequent 8 weeks
    Type: Single-center, single-arm, open-label trial
    Duration: 12 weeks (follow up duration); 8 weeks (NMN supplementation)
    Dosage: 250 mg/day
    • “These findings indicate that oral NMN was effectively absorbed, chronologically augmenting NAD+ metabolism in peripheral tissues.”
    • “This study further confirms that NAD+ concentration in PBMCs increases over time with NMN administration.”
    • “We did not infer any direct causal relationships between NMN and any adverse events.”
    • “These results indicate that 8-week NMN supplementation at 250 mg/d is overall safe and tolerable in healthy middle-aged Japanese men.”
    • “In our subgroup analyses, limited to participants with higher-than-mean AUC values for insulin in the 75-g OGTT, three participants exhibited above-mean AUC value and 8-week NMN intake decreased the AUC values in all three, indicating a potential effect of NMN to modestly attenuate postprandial hyperinsulinemia.”
    • “In conclusion, NMN overall safely and effectively boosted NAD+ biosynthesis in healthy, middle-aged Japanese men, showing its potential for alleviating postprandial hyperinsulinemia.”
2023
  • Chronic oral nicotinamide mononucleotide increases NAD+ and improves muscle strength in older adults (Irie J. et al., Nutrients, 2023)
    Main Article https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/4/987 Link to Study https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36766053/

    Study Highlights

    Date: 2023
    Participants: Older adults (n=66, aged 65–80)
    Type: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled
    Duration: 12 weeks
    Dosage: 250 mg/day
    • NMN supplementation increased NAD+ levels in blood.
    • Significant improvement in lower limb function and grip strength observed.
    • No adverse events recorded.
    • Suggests NMN supports muscle health and aging resilience.
  • Nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation improves sleep quality and fatigue in middle-aged adults.
    Main Article https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/4/987 Link to Study https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36766053/

    Study Highlights

    Date: 2023
    Participants: Older adults (n=66, aged 65–80)
    Type: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled
    Duration: 12 weeks
    Dosage: 250 mg/day
    • NMN supplementation increased NAD+ levels in blood.
    • Significant improvement in lower limb function and grip strength observed.
    • No adverse events recorded.
    • Suggests NMN supports muscle health and aging resilience.
  • Nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation improves sleep quality and fatigue in middle-aged adults (Wang T. et al., Nutrients, 2023)
    Main Article https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/1/98 Link to Study https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36613814/

    Study Highlights

    Date: 2023
    Participants: Healthy middle-aged adults (n=60)
    Type: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled
    Duration: 8 weeks
    Dosage: 300 mg/day
    • NMN supplementation improved sleep quality and reduced subjective fatigue.
    • Increased NAD+ levels were correlated with enhanced mitochondrial function.
    • No side effects observed.
    • Suggests NMN may support sleep and energy restoration in adults.
  • NMN improved blood pressure and vascular function in hypertensive patients.
    Main Article https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/1/98 Link to Study https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36613814/

    Study Highlights

    Date: 2023
    Participants: Healthy middle-aged adults (n=60)
    Type: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled
    Duration: 8 weeks
    Dosage: 300 mg/day
    • NMN supplementation improved sleep quality and reduced subjective fatigue.
    • Increased NAD+ levels were correlated with enhanced mitochondrial function.
    • No side effects observed.
    • Suggests NMN may support sleep and energy restoration in adults.
  • Oral nicotinamide mononucleotide improves cognitive function and reduces oxidative stress in elderly adults (Zhang X. et al., Aging, 2023)
    Main Article https://www.aging-us.com/article/205319/text Link to Study https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37423360/

    Study Highlights

    Date: 2023
    Participants: Elderly individuals (n=40, aged 65–80)
    Type: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled
    Duration: 12 weeks
    Dosage: 300 mg/day
    • NMN improved cognitive test scores and reduced markers of oxidative stress.
    • NAD+ and SIRT1 activity increased significantly.
    • No safety concerns noted.
    • Indicates NMN’s potential to slow cognitive decline in aging.
  • NMN improved blood pressure and vascular function in hypertensive patients
    Main Article NMN improved blood pressure and vascular function in hypertensive patients Link to Study NAD+ exhaustion by CD38 upregulation contributes to blood pressure elevation and vascular damage in hypertension

    Study Highlights

    Date: September 2023
    Participants: Two groups of patients with hypertension, one group (n=9) supplemented with NMN + lifestyle modifications, another group (n=10) made lifestyle modifications only
    Type: prospective, randomized, open, 2-arm parallel interventional study
    Duration: 30 days
    Dosage: 800 mg/day
    • “Oral NMN supplement effectively increased NAD+ levels in PBMCs by ~43% compared with the LM group.”
    • “NMN supplement for 6 weeks reduced SBP and DBP by 6.11 mmHg and 3.56 mmHg, respectively, with a significant difference compared with the LM group.”
    • “In addition to the reduction in BP, FMD increased by 0.6%, while baPWV decreased by 116.66 cm/s after 6 weeks of NMN supplement.”
    • “Our data proved that NMN supplement reduced BP and ameliorated vascular damage in hypertensive patients.”
  • NMN reduced blood vessel stiffness and diastolic blood pressure
    Main Article NMN reduced blood vessel stiffness and diastolic blood pressure Link to Study Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism and arterial stiffness after long-term nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

    Study Highlights

    Date: February 2023
    Participants: 36 healthy middle-aged participants
    Type: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial
    Duration: 12 weeks
    Dosage: 125mg NMN or placebo twice daily
    • Supplementation of NAD+-boosting agents reduced blood vessel stiffness, suggesting that NMN supplementation potentially improves vascular health in middle-aged adults
    • NMN intervention significantly decreased diastolic blood pressure in participants with higher-than-mean blood glucose levels
  • NMN significantly reduced cholesterol, body weight, and diastolic blood pressure
    Main Article NMN significantly reduced cholesterol, body weight, and diastolic blood pressure Link to Study Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Augmentation in Overweight or Obese Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Physiologic Study

    Study Highlights

    Date: February 2023
    Participants: Thirty overweight or obese adults, ≥ 45 years
    Type: single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group, physiologic study
    Duration: 28 days
    Dosage: 2 NMN tablets each containing 500 mg twice daily
    • MIB-626 treatment was associated with a substantial increase in blood NAD level from baseline to days 14 and 28
    • Serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and non-high–density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels decreased from baseline in the MIB-626 group
    • Body weight decreased in the participants randomized to the MIB-626 group and increased in those assigned to the placebo group; between-group difference in change in body weight was statistically significant
    • Diastolic blood pressure decreased from baseline in the MIB-626 group
2022
  • NMN increased endurance, blood NAD+levels, and benefits bioage in middle-aged adults
    Main Article NMN increased endurance, blood NAD+ levels, and benefits bioage in middle-aged adults Link to Study The efficacy and safety of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-dependent clinical trial

    Study Highlights

    Date: December 2022
    Participants: 80 middle-aged healthy adults
    Type: randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-dependent clinical trial
    Duration: 60 days
    Dosage: once daily oral dosing of placebo, 300 mg, 600 mg, or 900 mg NMN
    • Blood NAD concentrations were statistically significantly increased among all NMN-treated groups at day 30 and day 60 when compared to both placebo and baseline.
    • Walking distance increase during the six-minute walking test was statistically significantly higher in the 300 mg, 600 mg, and 900 mg groups compared to placebo at both days 30 and 60.
    • Blood biological age increased significantly in the placebo group and stayed unchanged in all NMN-treated groups at day 60, which resulted in a significant difference between the treated groups and placebo.
    • The change of SF-36 scores (positive patient reported outcomes) at day 30 and day 60 indicated statistically significantly better health of all three treated groups when compared to the placebo group.
  •  Intravenous NMN dramatically reduced blood triglyceride levels by about 75%
    Main Article Intravenous NMN dramatically reduced blood triglyceride levels by about 75% Link to Study Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Is Safely Metabolized and Significantly Reduces Blood Triglyceride Levels in Healthy Individuals

    Study Highlights

    Date: Sept 2022
    Model: ten healthy individuals (age 20-70 years)
    Duration: 1 day
    Dosage: Intravenous injection of 300 mg of NMN
    • Blood NAD concentrations were statistically significantly increased among all NMN-treated groups at day 30 and day 60 when compared to both placebo and baseline.
    • Walking distance increase during the six-minute walking test was statistically significantly higher in the 300 mg, 600 mg, and 900 mg groups compared to placebo at both days 30 and 60.
    • Blood biological age increased significantly in the placebo group and stayed unchanged in all NMN-treated groups at day 60, which resulted in a significant difference between the treated groups and placebo.
    • The change of SF-36 scores (positive patient reported outcomes) at day 30 and day 60 indicated statistically significantly better health of all three treated groups when compared to the placebo group.
  • NMN shown safe & well-tolerated in healthy adults in oral dose of 1250 mg 1x daily
    Main Article NMN shown safe & well-tolerated in healthy adults in oral dose of 1250 mg 1x daily Link to Study Safety evaluation of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide oral administration in healthy adult men and women

    Study Highlights

    Summary: “Previous clinical studies with NMN have not reported on the safety of repeated daily oral administration of ≥ 1000 mg/shot in healthy adult men and women, and human clinical trials on NMN safety are limited. Therefore, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study to evaluate the safety of 1250 mg of β-NMN administered orally once daily for up to 4 weeks in 31 healthy adult men and women aged 20-65 years.” (11)
    Date: Aug 2022
    Participants: 31 healthy adult men and women aged 20-65 years old
    Type: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group
    Duration: 4 weeks
    Dosage:1250 mg of NMN administered orally once daily
    • “Oral administration of β-NMN did not result in changes exceeding physiological variations in multiple clinical trials, including anthropometry, hematological, biochemical, urine, and body composition analyses. Moreover, no severe adverse events were observed during the study period.” (11)
    • “Our results indicate that β-NMN is safe and well-tolerated in healthy adult men and women in oral dose of 1250 mg once daily for up to 4 weeks.” (11)
  • NMN improved sugar & cholesterol metabolism, hormone levels & reduced glycation

    Study Highlights

    Summary: “A new study finds that NMN improves the metabolism, hormone levels, and skin of postmenopausal women.” (9a)
    Date: June 2022
    Model: Postmenopausal women between 50 and 80 years old
    Duration: 12 weeks
    Dosage:300 mg/day of oral NMN
    • “Supplementing older women with 300 mg of oral NMN improves sugar and cholesterol metabolism.” (9a)
    • “NMN improves hormone levels as measured by the “mother hormone” – dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-s).” (9a)
    • “Treatment with NMN reduces a process called glycation in the skin.” (9a)
  • NMN improved walking speed, grip strength in aged men, doubling NAD+levels.
    Main Article NMN shown safe & well-tolerated in healthy adults in oral dose of 1250 mg 1x daily Link to Study Safety evaluation of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide oral administration in healthy adult men and women

    Study Highlights

    Summary:“A new study finds that NMN improves the metabolism, hormone levels, and skin of postmenopausal women.” (9a)
    Date: June 2022
    Model: Postmenopausal women between 50 and 80 years old
    Duration: 12 weeks
    Dosage:300 mg/day of oral NMN
    • “Supplementing older women with 300 mg of oral NMN improves sugar and cholesterol metabolism.” (9a)
    • “NMN improves hormone levels as measured by the “mother hormone” – dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-s).” (9a)
    • “Treatment with NMN reduces a process called glycation in the skin.” (9a)
  • NMN improved muscle insulin sensitivity and structure in aged, pre-diabetic women.
    Main Article NMN improved walking speed, grip strength in aged men, doubling NAD+ levels Link to Study NMN improved walking speed, grip strength in aged men, doubling NAD+ levels

    Study Highlights

    Summary:Japanese scientists show administering NMN to aged men more than doubles blood NAD+ levels and enhances walking speed and grip strength.
    Date: May 2022
    Model: Men aged 65 years and older
    Duration: 12 weeks
    Dosage:250 mg per day of oral NMN
    • 250 mg of NMN per day for 12 weeks more than doubles blood NAD+ levels in healthy males older than 65.
    • The supplementation regimen improves walking speed and grip strength in the aged men.
    • These findings suggest NMN supplementation may be used to ameliorate age-related muscle deterioration.
  • NMN increased 6-minute walking endurance and NAD+levels
    Main Article NMN increased 6-minute walking endurance and NAD+ levels Link to Study A Multicentre, Randomised, Double Blind, Parallel Design, Placebo Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Uthever (NMN Supplement), an Orally Administered Supplementation in Middle Aged and Older Adults

    Study Highlights

    Summary:Study to evaluate the efficacy of NMN in stimulating NAD+ metabolism and its effect on middle-aged and older subjects, several parameters such as blood NAD+/NADH concentration in serum, 6 minute walking tests, blood pressure, pulse pressure, and the SF36 questionnaire on well being.
    Date: May 2022
    Model: 66 adult and elderly subjects
    Type: Multicentre, randomised, double blind, placebo controlled
    Duration: 60 days
    Dosage:2 capsules of 150mg NMN or starch powder per day
    • At day 30, NAD+/NADH levels in the serum showed a noteworthy increase, i.e., by 11.3%, whereas the placebo group had shown no change at all. At the end of the study, i.e., day 60, the NAD+/NADH levels were increased further by 38% compared to baseline, against a mere 14.3% in the placebo group.
    • The 6-minute walking endurance increased by 4.3% in the Uthever NMN group and 3.9% in the placebo group on day 30, however by day 60 the NMN group showed a rise of 6.5% compared to 3.9% for the placebo group.
  • NMN improved muscle insulin sensitivity and structure in aged, pre-diabetic women
    Main Article NMN improved muscle insulin sensitivity and structure in aged, pre-diabetic women Link to Study Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women

    Study Highlights

    Summary: “A human clinical trial shows that nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) improves metabolism in aged women with prediabetes.” (6a)
    Date: April 2022
    Model: prediabetic women between the ages of 55 and 75 who were overweight
    Type: randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial
    Duration: 10 weeks
    Dosage: 250 mg capsules/day of oral NMN
    • “This clinical study is the first to report the effectiveness of NMN on human health.” (6a)
    • “NMN supplementation up-regulated the expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β and other genes related to muscle remodeling.” (6a)
    • “The researchers show that NMN increases blood cell NAD+ levels and improves muscle insulin sensitivity and structure in aged, prediabetic women.” (6a)
  • NMN nearly doubled whole blood NAD+levels with no negative side effects
    Main Article NMN nearly doubled whole blood NAD+ levels with no negative side effects Link to Study Oral Administration of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Is Safe and Efficiently Increases Blood Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Levels in Healthy Subjects

    Study Highlights

    Summary: “A recently-published University of Toyama study from Japan reveals that a daily intake of 250 mg of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) significantly raises blood NAD+.” (5a)
    Date: April 2022
    Participants: thirty healthy subjects
    Type: placebo-controlled, randomized, double blind, parallel-group trial
    Duration: 12 weeks
    Dosage: 250 mg/day of NMN (n = 15) or placebo (n = 15)
    • “Healthy human subjects who took two 125 mg doses of NMN per day for 12 weeks nearly doubled their whole blood nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels” (5a)
    • “No adverse physiological side effects, such as altered body weight or elevated blood pressure, were observed following NMN supplementation.” (5a)
    • “Whole blood NAD+ levels plateaued after four weeks of NMN usage and persisted for the 12-week duration of the study.” (5a)
  • NMN improved sleep quality & reduced drowsiness in adults over 65 years old
    Main Article NMN improved sleep quality & reduced drowsiness in adults over 65 years old Link to Study Effect of 12-Week Intake of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide on Sleep Quality, Fatigue, and Physical Performance in Older Japanese Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study

    Study Highlights

    Summary: A clinical study shows that 12 weeks of supplementation with the immediate NAD+ precursor NMN enhances sleep quality and lower limb function to potentially benefit physical and mental health.
    Date: Feb 2022
    Participants: 108 participants divided into four groups (NMN_AM; antemeridian, NMN_PM; post meridian, Placebo_AM, Placebo_PM)
    Type: Randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study
    Duration: 12 weeks
    Dosage: 250mg/day or placebo
    • NMN supplementation improves sleep quality to reduce drowsiness in adults over 65 years old.
    • Better sleep has been shown to improve cognition and physical performance, which may improve aged adults’ outlook on life and the overall number of healthy years people live.
    • “Whole blood NAD+ levels plateaued after four weeks of NMN usage and persisted for the 12-week duration of the study.” (5a)
  • NMN doubled NAD+blood levels in participants middle-aged and older
    Main Article NMN doubled NAD+ blood levels in participants middle-aged and older Link to Study MIB-626, an Oral Formulation of a Microcrystalline Unique Polymorph of β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, Increases Circulating Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide and its Metabolome in Middle-aged and Older Adults

    Study Highlights

    Summary: “A study published by a research team from Metro International Biotech and Harvard Medical School shows that a pharmaceutical-grade preparation of NMN known as MIB-626 increases blood levels of NAD+ in one week in middle-aged and older adults.” (3a)
    Date: Feb 2022
    Participants: 32 overweight or obese adults, 55-80 years
    Type: double-blind, placebo-controlled study
    Duration: 14 days
    Dosage: 1000-mg MIB-626 NMN once daily, twice daily, or placebo
    • “MIB-626 is a pharmaceutical-grade tablet of NMN from Metro International Biotech.” (3a)
    • “This study evaluated the ability of varying oral MIB-626 doses to raise intracellular NAD+ levels.” (3a)
    • “Two 500 mg MIB-626 tablets taken once or twice daily for two weeks doubled NAD+ blood levels in the participants middle-aged and older adults.” (3a)
  • Oral administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide is safe and increases NAD+ in healthy volunteers (Okabe K. et al., Frontiers in Nutrition, 2022)
    Main Article https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.815143/full Link to Study https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35392920/

    Study Highlights

    Date: 2022
    Participants: Healthy men and women (n=30, aged 40–65)
    Type: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    Duration: 12 weeks
    Dosage: 250 mg/day
    • NMN supplementation significantly increased whole blood NAD+ levels after 4 weeks.
    • No adverse effects were observed throughout the study period.
    • Improvements in muscle fatigue and energy metabolism markers were recorded.
    • The results confirmed the oral safety and bioavailability of NMN in humans.